There are two classification systems that are used with equal frequency in the colon and rectum: 

TNM Classification

Astler and Coller classification

1. TNM Classification: These acronyms refer to three aspects of cancer: the T refers to the size of it, the N to the involvement of lymph nodes and the M to the involvement or not of other organs. Based on these aspects, colorectal cancer is grouped into the following phases or stages:

Stage 0 or carcinoma in situ: is the earliest stage of colon or rectum. Tumor cells are located in the most superficial part of the mucosa and in any case the crosses. Does not affect lymph nodes.

Stage I: tumor affecting the lining of the colon or rectum without transgressing the muscle layer. There is no lymph node involvement.

Stage II: Tumor has infiltrated all layers of the wall of the colon or rectum. It may invade surrounding organs. No lymph node involvement is appreciated.

Stage III: cancer has invaded more bodies nearby and affects the lymph nodes.

Stage IV: Cancer has spread to distant organs affecting the colon or rectum as liver, lung or bone.

2. Astler and Coller classification: This classification is used letters ranging from A through D.

Stage A: lesion limited to the mucosa without lymph node involvement.

Stage B1: tumor affects part of the wall of the colon or rectum, but not through or affect glands.

Stage B2 affects the entire wall without lymph node invasion.

Stage C: The disease can affect part or all of the wall, with lymph node involvement.

Stage D: There is involvement of other distant organs.

Most people when they are diagnosed with cancer suffer a great emotional impact upon hearing the reactions are very different, as there are so many people: some we can get very nervous, agitated, others feel tremendously sad and withdraw into themselves same.

Feelings of sadness, anger, irritation, fear, and fear are normal, feel them does not mean being weak or cowardly and do not feel guilty for having these feelings. On many occasions, when subjected to such emotions are not clearly and objectively the situation in which we live.

On the other hand cancer affects not only those who suffer, but also all around us, family, friends, perhaps many times have we been more concerned about what they have to move people around us than ourselves, be next to a cancer patient is not an easy task to my doctors or our loved ones.

But that depends very much on our attitude to cope with the disease better and survive longer treatments and I have seen for myself that those seriously ill with a positive attitude, active living and the will to live, survive longer. Do not let anything disturb your peace you, you sad or depressed you. Always smile, no matter what happens at least try.

Malignant: Some are slow growing, but are often of very rapid growth, grow progressively and invasive, destroy cells, tissues and organs grow in a disorderly manner, spread to tissues from other body organs as metastases, usually no effect, serious side. If uncontrolled growth results in death.

Aspirin new hope against cancer

Chewing willow bark, which contains the natural form of aspirin, relieve pain and fever. Most impressive is that in addition to combat arthritis and cardiovascular disease, aspirin may also have the power to prevent certain forms of cancer.

It has been shown that daily consumption of long-term aspirin cuts the formation of colon polyps by nearly 35%, which is why many doctors are now prescribing low-dose aspirin in patients with colorectal cancer risk. With all you have reservations in recommending that anyone with increased risk of colorectal cancer take low dose aspirin side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers.

Side effects of aspirin are the result of nonspecific blocking action of two enzymes cyclooxygenase: COX-1, which is needed for healthy mucous tissues, and COX-2, which occurs during inflammation and by precancerous tissues. Celecoxib blocks only COX-2, which is implicated in cancer risk.

Celecoxib could provide protection for women at increased risk of breast cancer who can not take tamoxifen (the only approved preventive agent for this disease). Tamoxifen does not act in women with breast cancers negative for estrogen receptors, which are typically more aggressive and that the positive letals. In previous studies demonstrated that COX-2 inhibitors prevent both types of breast cancer.

Celecoxib has shown potential to be used also in preventing other cancers, including bladder, esophagus, skin, brain, lung and head and neck. Currently, evidence is strongest in colorectal cancer prevention. In a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2000, it was found that celecoxib reduced the number of polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an inherited disease that leads to the formation of hundreds to thousands of polyps in the colon and colorectal cancer rate of 100% at the age of 40 to 50 years.

villous changes (villous changes): polyp or mass of glandular cells with finger-shaped projections to be seen under the microscope. Had enough of these changes, the mass is considered a villous or tubulovillous polyp. See also adenomatous polyp, tubular adenoma, villous adenoma and tubulovillous adenoma.

cancer (cancer): This can be described as a group of diseases. All forms of cancer cause cells in the body change and grow uncontrollably. Most types of cancer cells form a lump or mass called a tumor. The tumor can invade and destroy healthy tissues. Tumor cells can break off and travel to other parts of the body. They can continue their growth. This process of spread is called metastasis. When cancer spreads, it retains the name of the body part in which it originated. For example, if colorectal cancer spreads to the liver, colorectal cancer is still not liver cancer.

Some cancers, such as blood cancers, do not form a tumor. Not all tumors are cancer. A tumor that is not cancer is called benign. Benign tumors do not grow and spread like cancer. Usually pose no threat to life. Another term for a cancerous tumor itself is evil, See also mutation, and tumor metastasis.

advanced cancer (advanced cancer): general term that describes the stages of cancer where the disease has spread from the primary site (the place where it originated) to other parts of the body. When cancer has spread to nearby parts only, is called locally advanced cancer, whether it has spread to distant parts of the body is called metastatic cancer.

colorectal cancer (colorectal cancer): cancer of the colon or rectum. Because colon cancer and rectal cancer have many features in common, they are often referred to together as colorectal cancers.

Colon cancer is not hereditary polyposis (hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, HNPCC) hereditary condition that significantly increases the risk that a person will develop colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer, ovary, small intestine or in the lining of kidney or ureter. People with this condition tend to develop cancer at a young age without having had many polyps initially.

invasive cancer (invasive cancer): cancer that extends beyond the layer of cells in which was originally developed to adjacent tissues.

tiredness (fatigue) common symptom during cancer treatment, debilitating exhaustion for bones that do not go away with rest. In some patients, this symptom persists long after treatment.

cannula (cannula) instrument in the form of thin tube. It may be used to keep the tissues open during a laparoscopy. Intravenous lines also use other types of cannulas. See also intravenous lines and laparoscopy.

carcinogen (carcinogen): any substance that causes cancer or helps cancer grow. For example, snuff smoke contains many carcinogens that have been found significantly increased risk of lung cancer.

carcinoid or carcinoid tumors (carcinoid tumors or carcinoids): tumors that develop from neuroendocrine cells, usually in the digestive tract, lung or ovary. The cancer cells of these tumors secrete certain hormones into the bloodstream. In about 10% of people, hormone levels are high enough to cause facial flushing, wheezing, diarrhea and tachycardia (fast heart rate) among other symptoms throughout the body.

carcinoma (carcinoma): a malignant tumor that originates in the lining (epithelial cells) of organs. At least 80% of all cancers are carcinomas.

carcinoma in situ (carcinoma in situ): initial stage in which cancer is confined to the organ where it originated. In the case of colorectal cancer, carcinoma in suto have not grown beyond the inner lining (mucosa) of the colon or rectum. Also known as intramucosal carcinoma.

intramucosal carcinoma (intramucosal carcinoma): see carcinoma in situ.

mucinous carcinoma (mucinous carcinoma): A type of adenocarcinoma formed by cancer cells that produce large amounts of mucus (mucus).

Cell (cell): basic unit of which are formed all living beings. The cells were replaced by auto division and the formation of new cells (mitosis). Cancer disrupts the processes that control the formation of new cells and death of old cells.

cancer cell (cancer cell) cell that divides and reproduces uncontrollably, and can spread throughout the body. See also cancer and metastasis.

cGy (cGy): centigray abbreviation, unit of radiation equivalent to a previously used unit of rad.

laparoscopic surgery (laparoscopic surgery) surgery by an instrument in a narrow tube through which a laparoscope is inserted (see laparoscope). Additional tubes are inserted in other locations close to allow the surgeon to perform the work within the abdomen and remove part of the colon or other body, which appears on the screen of a monitor. The small incisions derive the name of “surgery through a keyhole. This surgery is more complicated than open surgery because it requires a surgeon who has considerable experience and skill in these procedures.

rectal surgery (rectal surgery): primary treatment for rectal cancer. You may be administered radiation or chemotherapy before surgery.

cytology (cytology): branch of science that studies the structure and function of cells. Also refers to tests to diagnose cancer and other diseases by examining cells under a microscope.

cytotoxic (cytotoxic): toxic to cells, which kills the cells.

staging (staging): The process of determining whether cancer has spread and, if so, how far. There is more than one system for staging, for example, for colorectal cancer have the AJCC / TNM, Dukes and Astler-Coller.

The TNM system, which is the most commonly used, provides three key pieces of information:

The T refers to tumor size.

The N describes how far the cancer has spread to lymph nodes (lymph) nearby.

The M shows whether the cancer has spread (has metastasized) to other body organs.

The letters or numbers that appear after T, N and M provide more details about each of these factors. In order to make information clearer, the TNM descriptions can be grouped into sets of simpler stages, labeled with Roman numerals (usually from I to IV). In general, the lower the number the less the cancer has spread. A higher number means a more serious cancer.

There are two types of staging:

clinical classification by stages (clinical staging): approximation of the extent of cancer based on physical examination, biopsy results and image analysis.

biopsy (biopsy): the removal of a tissue sample for the presence of cancer cells. There are several types of biopsies. In an endoscope biopsy removes a small sample of tissue with instruments that operate through a colonoscopy. View colonoscope.

Biopsy by fine needle aspiration (fine needle aspiration biopsy, FNA): A procedure that uses a thin needle to extract (breathing) samples for examination under a microscope. Biopsy by fine needle aspiration is usually used for biopsies of colorectal tumors, but is often used to obtain samples of masses in the liver or other organs to which colorectal cancer has spread.

Needle biopsy guided by CT (CT-guided needle biopsy): A procedure that uses special x-rays to locate a mass while the radiologist inserts a biopsy needle toward it. The images are repeated until the doctor is sure the needle is in the tumor. Then you get a biopsy to be observed under the microscope.

Brachytherapy (brachytherapy): internal radiation treatment given by placing radioactive material directly into or near the tumor. Also called interstitial radiation therapy or seed implantation. Compare with endocavitary radiotherapy and radiotherapy with external radiation.

linear accelerator (linear accelerator): a machine that focuses radiation (gamma rays and electrons) on cancer that are managed from outside the body, which is called external beam radiation.

adenocarcinoma (adenocarcinoma): cancer that originates in glandular cells, for example, those lining the inside of the colon and rectum (the glands produce substances such as enzymes, mucus, chemicals, hormones, sweat or other chemicals used or secreted by the body). Over 95% of colorectal tumors are of this type.

adenoma (adenoma): benign (not cancerous), glandular cells, for example, covering the inside of the colon or rectum.

tubular adenoma (tubular adenoma): polyp benign (not cancerous) made of glandular cells that form a tube and tubular structure of which usually makes up over 75% of the adenoma. It usually causes no symptoms and are often found during screening procedures. Because they are pre-cancer, is usually removed to be found. See also adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma and villous adenoma.

Tubulovillous adenoma (tubulovillous adenoma): polyp benign (not cancerous) made of glandular cells that form a tube with a finger-shaped projection of the glandular cells seen under a microscope. In these, the finger-shaped parts usually comprise 25 to 50 percent of the adenoma. Because they are pre-cancer, is usually removed to be found. See also adenomatous polyp, tubular adenoma and villous adenoma.

villous adenoma (villous adenoma): polyp benign (not cancerous) into the colon or rectum of glandular cells in fingerlike projections that can be observed under the microscope. These finger-shaped structures typically comprise at least half of the adenoma. Villous adenomas are usually large and precancerous lesions, and often cause bleeding in the rectum. They are usually removed when they were found. See also adenomatous polyp, tubular adenoma and tubulovillous adenoma.

adhesions (adhesions) that can tighten scar tissue after surgery. This may seem to each other organs that are normally separate. Adhesions can sometimes be partially or completely block the intestines.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA): “flat” gene found in the nucleus of each cell. DNA stores genetic information on growth, division and cell function. See also mutation.

alopecia (alopecia): hair loss, a condition often results from chemotherapy to radiation therapy to the head area. In most cases the hair grows back after treatment ends.

outpatient (ambulatory): depending walking, walking. Ambulatory care centers serving patients coming to treatment but did not venture into the hospital. Colonoscopies and other short-term medical procedures are often performed in these locations.

anastomosis (anastomosis): site where two structures are joined surgically.

coloanal anastomosis (colo-anal anastomosis): Surgery to treat colorectal cancer in the rectum is removed and the colon is attached to the anus. Sometimes you make a small pouch to replace the straight, bending the front and rear segment of the colon (colonic sac J-shaped) or by lengthening the segment (coloplasty). It requires a temporary colostomy bag while the healthy way. See also low anterior resection.

anemia (anemia) low red blood cell count which can cause weakness, fatigue, dizziness and fainting, among other symptoms.

anesthesia (anesthesia): loss of sensation as a result of administration of drugs or gases. General anesthesia causes loss of consciousness (makes it sound sleep). The local or regional anesthesia numbs only a certain area of the body.

local anesthesia (local anesthesia): see anesthetic.

angiogenesis (angiogenesis): formation of new blood vessels. Some cancer treatments work by blocking angiogenesis, thus preventing the tumor is achieved by the blood.

angiography (angiography): A test in which a contrast agent injected directly into the blood vessel leading to the area under study. They take a series of radiographs that show surgeons the location of the blood vessels in the region concerned, for example, which is close to the metastasis of colorectal cancer. This is useful for surgeons to remove a tumor without causing too much blood loss.

ano (anus): valve of the digestive tract through which stool leaves the body.

anorexia (anorexia): Loss of appetite may be due to either the cancer itself, or as a side effect of treatments like chemotherapy.

antibody (antibody) protein produced by cells of the body’s immune system and released into the blood. Antibodies defend the body against foreign agents such as bacteria. These agents contain certain substances called antigens. Each antibody works against a specific antigen. See also antigen.

monoclonal antibodies (monoclonal antibodies) designed to adhere synthetic antibodies to certain antigens in particular. Antigens are substances that can be recognized by the immune system. They are studying monoclonal antibodies were added to chemotherapy drugs or radioactive substances due to their potential for identifying specific antigens on cancer cells and direct the treatment to the cancer, destroying cancer cells without harming healthy tissue. Monoclonal antibodies are also used to help detect and classify cancer cells under a microscope. There have been other research to see if radioactive atoms attached to monoclonal antibodies can be used in imaging studies to detect and locate small groups of cancer cells. See also antibody and antigen.

Antiemetic (Antiemetic): medicine that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting are common side effects of chemotherapy, known as anti-nausea drug.

Antigen (antigen): a substance that induces an immune reaction of the body. This reaction often produces antibodies. For example, the immune response against antigens that are part of bacteria and viruses helps people resist infections. Cancer cells have certain antigens that can be detected in laboratory tests. These are important in cancer diagnosis and will observe the patient’s response to treatment. Other cancer cell antigens play a role in immune reactions that may help the body’s resistance against cancer. See also antibody.

Carcinoembryonic antigen / CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA): a substance normally found in fetal tissue. If you are in an adult may suggest the presence of cancer, especially cancers that originate in the digestive system. The tests for the detection of this substance are useful in determining if colorectal cancer has returned after treatment (recurrence). This test is not useful for the detection of colorectal cancer since it generates a large number of false positive and negative. View tumor marker, screening, false positive and false negative.

apoptosis (apoptosis) when the expected cell death. Apoptosis is controlled by genes that cause cell death at a specific time, as when DNA is damaged. This type of cell death is different from the process of cell death by natural attrition or decay. Some drugs used to fight cancer causing apoptosis.

Genetic counseling (genetic counseling): Consultation with people who may have a gene that makes them more likely to develop cancer or hereditary disease. The purpose is to explore what the results of genetic tests mean, help them make the right decision to undergo testing and support before and after the test. This is useful to consider undergoing tests for colorectal cancer is not hereditary polyposis or familial adenomatous polyposis.

I have cancer and I curse against all insane because what is clear is that something that is causing cancer every day in industrial quantities you know how many people are diagnosed each day? this lot and no one talks to the wild it is this disease and the treatments that are wild this we know that we have, and we spent many hours between waiting rooms visits oncology and we spent in hospitals of day where we put the chemotherapy I am leaving in the third and my eyes have seen real people turned into zombies walking and in wheelchairs by this disease, chemotherapy treatment is the most terrible and devastating treatments.

If indeed those who have this disease should give account of the terrible ordeal through which we have to go I assure you that many things would change and that was the materialism and ambition of making money, because when you play this disease and can be the wealthiest in the world that is not going to serve you, I to these people who thinks that someday he can play as each time it spreads more I would say that they supported their research and should give more importance to health so they do not even think the same thing to us and I assure you that investing in health is the most important of all, what happens is that when there is not valued. And after much talk of influenza A

When cancer are people dropping like flies and made many recommendations about preventing cancer, the many people ignore the answer that there is something to die for if in fact something has to die but if possible ensure that cancer is not because the hell that must pass between how terrible they are the treatments and the cancer death is often a long and painful agony.

Biting his knuckles more than once because of its concern for my state because we both know very well what that ultimately means having a liver metastasis and the effects of chemotherapy that causes me in every cycle and has always accepted the position in which have to be in every moment, despite her Fibromyalgia has the damn disease that has imprisoned in his body but he has despite being sore and are dying to be fatal assist and care in the slightest detail, a cancer patient when this has become chronic and long term as I do have many ups and downs and requires great care and patience of the person next to him many times without realizing I would not have any answer to give but this sick shit makes us significantly change the character very well the effort that has to do to endure all that is surrounding us for two years ending on or not all there is then carefully maintaining our home, or support at the most complicated. He often would rather be in my place before you see me go through this draft, always accompanies the proof, without leaving me in the three chemotherapy when I poison the body and finish each cycle exhausted and in pain from my illness rheumatic many days without your help I could not leave my chair the day hospital.

It was not just my wife that case with me, but in this disease and treatment has proven to be a woman with a capital where the need for more beyond their needs, which are many.

And no easy task this paper. We had to face together as a family at a very delicate situation, and she was that her husband also have cancer after his brother died from the disease only about seven years ago and have another in remission for about three years.

I can not imagine the pain but I have seen the strength and force that is driving this whole process. Can you admire most in a wife?

Is that when the day comes that this cancer from within comérseme get it sooner or later this is a procedure that can not be prevented from occurring time depends on what my body holds chemotherapy and metastasis not become resistant to it and desist from invading effect the rest of my body, it’s time that my wife will come under this causes me great sadness that I leave broken people not only because of my loss also have been fighting a battle against an invisible murderer and suddenly lose the war.

Bitter truths I know that however well this running my treatment I only what I’m doing is fighting to get free survival of disease progression and to gain time to know how anyone could be but for me every time is good.

Luckily for when the bad time that my wife will have the support and help of my daughter and my son-in-part of the company of my two grandchildren will be really hard days for everyone but I like their thoughts than the grief and sorrow for having lost were led to believe that after all this time of suffering death is how to stop suffering and that all life one can not be with chemotherapy and its consequences that are becoming more and more hard for the rest of his life that this is doomed to a continuous torture and death thing is left to suffer in cancer patients has become a chronic disease of long duration that we have well-earned rest.

Say I love you I is small, someone should invent new words for my feelings of your dedication, devotion, my admiration for you.

I’m afraid, afraid of not having you, I fear that when soft and unable to see more, and you alone in this human jungle.

What adverse effects are scientifically proven?
When consumption is prolonged, may have memory loss or changes in your emotional state. In specific consumption, impaired sense of fear, or panic attacks, panic and confusion, tachycardia, dizziness, low blood pressure, dry mouth, etc.. There are long-term effects that can be harmful and others not, but there are risks. There is no safe intake.

Side effects?
Like any other substance, can have negative effects. For example, is completely contraindicated in those who have a heart problem or psychological.

Can I become chemically dependent on marijuana?

Yes, when you’re chemically dependent on marijuana, it means you crave it and you have to use more and more to get the same effect. You may have withdrawal symptoms when you stop using it, such as feelings of depression, trouble sleeping or nausea. Because marijuana is much stronger now than it used to be, people are more likely to abuse it and become dependent on it compared with the likelihood that they had before

How can marijuana affect me physically?

The following are some common physical effects of using marijuana.

Tremors ie scrapie

Feeling nauseated

Headache

Reduced coordination

Breathing Problems

Increased appetite

Decreased blood flow to the brain.

Changes in reproductive organs

The changed perception may involve feelings of fear, panic and confusion. And in patients who are not good, use can lead to a worse backlash.

Daily use can impair memory and attention span.

Cases have been found with symptoms of restlessness and insomnia.

The risk of dependence is relatively low

Some users state suffer withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly consumption. This syndrome, which is moderate, characterized by irritability, nervousness, sleep disturbances, hyperhidrosis (excessive sweat secretion) and anorexia.

Should be clear that the dependence is determined by factors more psychological than physical.

Currently all the seeds on the market are obtained by genetic manipulation “transgenic”, to have more active drug, taking at least 60 times more than 9THC that marijuana available in the 70s.

I myself have taken to the side effects of my chemotherapy, but I had to stop taking that last mind me good and gave me side effects perhaps by one of the medications I take as pills to sleep and some that another tranquilizer.